![]() ![]() Superficial burns (first-degree and superficial second-degree burns).Depth of burn injury (deeper burns are more severe).(Adapted from The Treatment of Burns, edition 2, Artz CP and Moncrief JA, Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1969) (B) Lund-Browder diagram for estimating extent of burns Palmar hand surface is approximately 1% TBSAĮstimating Percent Total Body Surface Area in Children Affected by Burns.Lund-Browder diagrams improve the accuracy of the % TBSA for children.In children, adjust percents because they have proportionally larger heads (up to 20%) and smaller legs (13% in infants) than adults.Rule of Nines for Establishing Extent of Body Surface Burned Anatomic Surface In adults: "Rule of Nines" is used as a rough indicator of % TBSA.Burns >30-40% TBSA may be fatal without treatment.Burns >20-25% TBSA require IV fluid resuscitation.Percent total body surface area (TBSA) involvement.Definition: A burn is the partial or complete destruction of skin caused by some form of energy, usually thermal energy.Consultation with American Burn Association Verified Burn Centers is recommended.Health care providers with burn expertise are needed to optimize burn care.Burns complicating physical injury and/or chemical injury decrease the likelihood of survival.Burn therapy adds significant logistical requirements and complexity to the medical response in a chemical mass casualty incident.After a chemical mass casualty incident, trauma with or without burns is expected to be common.American Burn Association Burn Unit Referral Criteria.Set your water heater thermostat below 120F (48.9C) to prevent scalding, and always test bath water before placing a child in it.Burn Triage and Treatment - Thermal Injuries And don’t use lighters that look like toys. Keep chemicals, lighters, and matches out of the reach of children.When using chemicals, always wear protective eyewear and clothing.Keep a fire extinguisher on every floor of your house.Check them and change their batteries at least once a year. Be sure you have working smoke detectors on each floor of your home.Keep electrical cords and wires out of the way so that children can’t chew on them. Cover unused electrical outlets with safety caps.Store them out of reach of small children. Unplug irons and similar devices when not in use.Check for hot straps or buckles before placing a child in a car seat.If a small child is present, block their access to heat sources such as stoves, outdoor grills, fireplaces, and space heaters.Never cook while wearing loose-fitting clothes that could catch fire over the stove.Don’t heat a baby’s bottle in the microwave. Check the temperature of food before serving it to a child.Keep electrical appliances away from water.Keep hot liquids out of the reach of children and pets.Don’t carry or hold a child while cooking at the stove. ![]() Turn pot handles toward the rear of the stove. ![]()
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